解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Plant species composition is changing across many landscapes, but it is unclear how these changes affect habitat quality for animals. We used functional diversity and community-weighted mean (CWM) trait values for four plant traits (litter N, P, lignin and soluble phenolics) to explore how changes in plant species com...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2856-8
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial variation in biotic interactions and natural selection are fundamental parts of natural systems, and can be driven by differences in both trait distributions and the local environmental context of the interaction. Most studies of plant-animal interactions have been performed only in natural settings, making it...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2831-4
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing concern about loss of biodiversity and its effects on ecosystem functioning has triggered a series of manipulative experiments worldwide, which have demonstrated a general trend for ecosystem functioning to increase with diversity. General mechanisms proposed to explain diversity effects include complementa...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2815-4
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most food webs use taxonomic or trophic species as building blocks, thereby collapsing variability in feeding linkages that occurs during the growth and development of individuals. This issue is particularly relevant to integrating parasites into food webs because parasites often undergo extreme ontogenetic niche shif...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2806-5
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of offspring by vertebrates is often timed to coincide with the annual peak in resource availability. However, capital breeders can extend the energetic benefits of a resource pulse by storing food or fat, thus relaxing the need for synchrony between energy supply and demand. Food-hoarding red squirrels...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2826-1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant interactions with mutualists and antagonists vary remarkably across space, and have played key roles in the ecology and evolution of flowering plants. One dominant form of spatial variation is human modification of the landscape, including urbanization and suburbanization. Our goal was to assess how suburbanizat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2797-2
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Germination characteristics and frost tolerance of seedlings are crucial parameters for establishment and invasion success of plants. The characterization of differences between populations in native and invasive ranges may improve our understanding of range expansion and adaptation. Here, we investigated germination ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2813-6
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the most commonly cited hypotheses explaining invasion success is the enemy release hypothesis (ERH), which maintains that populations are regulated by coevolved natural enemies where they are native but are relieved of this pressure in the new range. However, the role of resident enemies in plant invasion rema...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2798-1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::For a symbiosis to be a mutualism, benefits received must exceed costs incurred for both partners. Partners can prevent costly overexploitation through behaviors that moderate interactions with the other symbiont. In a symbiosis between crayfish and branchiobdellidan annelids, the worms can increase crayfish survival ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2780-y
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of species loss on ecosystems depend on the community's functional diversity (FD). However, how FD responds to environmental changes is poorly understood. This applies particularly to higher trophic levels, which regulate many ecosystem processes and are strongly affected by human-induced environmental cha...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2790-9
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to enhanced levels of ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms including damage at the cellular and molecular level and impairment of development, fecundity and survival. Much research has been conducted on the role of the harmful UVB radiation. However, due to it...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2773-x
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herbivore damage often deters pollinator visitation and many invasive plants in North America are pollinator-dependent. This has important implications for the biological control of invasive plants because it means that agents that deter pollinators may have a larger than expected impact on the plant. Yet interactions...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2750-4
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organisms normally grow at a sub-maximal rate. After experiencing a period of arrested growth, individuals often show compensatory growth responses by modifying their life-history, behaviour and physiology. However, the strength of compensatory responses may vary across broad geographic scales as populations differ in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2754-0
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthropogenic disturbance can have important indirect effects on ecosystems by disrupting species interactions. Here we examine the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on distance dispersal by ants for the diaspores of myrmecochorous Euphorbiaceae in Brazilian Caatinga. Rates of diaspore removal and distances removed...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2740-6
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of tree height on shoot traits may in some cases differ in magnitude and direction from the effects of light. Nevertheless, general patterns of change in shoot traits in relation to variations in height and light have not so far been revealed. A comprehensive analysis of the differences between the effects...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2744-2
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many animals have seasonally plastic diets to take advantage of seasonally abundant plant resources, such as fruit or nectar. Switches from insectivorous diets that are protein rich to fruits or nectar that are carbohydrate rich present physiological challenges, but are routinely done by insectivorous songbirds during...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2771-z
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding climatic controls on tropical forest productivity is key to developing more reliable models for predicting how tropical biomes may respond to climate change. Currently there is no consensus on which factors control seasonal changes in tropical forest tree growth. This study reports the first comprehensiv...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2766-9
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sensitivity of carbon (C) assimilation to within-canopy nitrogen (N) allocation and of stomatal conductance (g s) to environmental variables were investigated along a vertical canopy gradient in a fertile Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] stand. Maximum rates of ribulose bisphosphate-saturated carboxylation ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2703-y
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecologists routinely set out to estimate the trophic position of individuals, populations, and species composing food webs, and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ(15)N) are a widely used proxy for trophic position. Although δ(15)N values are often sampled at the level of individuals, estimates and confidence intervals are fr...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2715-7
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi form relationships with higher plants; plants transfer C to fungi, and fungi transfer nutrients to their host. While evidence indicates that this interaction is largely mutualistic, less is known about how nutrient supply and EM associates may alter C and nutrient exchanges, especially in in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2734-4
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful reproduction in a seasonal environment can be accomplished with resources that are stored before use ("capital resources") or resources that are used immediately ("income resources"). Research examining capital versus income resource usage during reproduction has primarily focused on assigning species to po...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2699-3
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Florivores are present in many pollination systems and can have direct and indirect effects on both plants and pollinators. Although the impact of florivores are commonly examined in facultative pollination mutualisms, their effects on obligate mutualism remain relatively unstudied. Here, we used experimental manipula...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2694-8
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how habitat selection changes with population density is a key concept in population regulation, community composition and managing impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. At low density, it is expected that individuals select habitats in terms of their preference, but as population density incre...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2686-8
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Waterborne chemical cues are an important source of information for many aquatic organisms, in particular when assessing the current risk of predation. The ability to use chemical cues to detect and respond to potential predators before an actual encounter can improve prey chances of survival. We investigated predator...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2667-y
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impacts of climatic change on organisms depend on the interaction of multiple stressors and how these may affect the interactions among species. Consumer-prey relationships may be altered by changes to the abundance of either species, or by changes to the per capita interaction strength among species. To examine t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2683-y
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most animals metamorphose, changing morphology, physiology, behavior and ecological interactions. Size- and habitat-dependent mortality risk is thought to affect the evolution and plastic expression of metamorphic timing, and high predation during the morphological transition is posited as a critical selective force s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2714-8
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mutualistic interactions, partners obtain a net benefit, but there may also be costs associated with the provision of benefits for a partner. The question of whether aphids suffer such costs when attended by ants has been raised in previous work. Transgenerational effects, where offspring phenotypes are adjusted ba...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2659-y
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate-mediated shifts in species' phenologies are expected to alter species interactions, but predicting the consequences of this is difficult because phenological shifts may be driven by different climate factors that may or may not be correlated. Temperature could be an important factor determining effects of phen...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2675-y
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies published over the last years suggest that the ability of many species to cope with global change will be closely related to the current amount of plasticity for fitness-related traits. Thus, disentangling general patterns in phenotypic flexibility, which could be then included in models aimed to predi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2682-z
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urbanization is a major challenge for biodiversity conservation, yet the evolutionary processes taking place in urbanized areas remain poorly known. Human activities in cities set new selective forces in motion which need to be investigated to predict the evolutionary responses of animal species living in urban areas....
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2663-2
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared movement patterns and rhythms of activity of a top predator, the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus, a mesopredator, the red fox Vulpes vulpes, and their shared principal prey, the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, in relation to moon phases. Because the three species are mostly nocturnal and crepuscular, we hypothesi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2651-6
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To preserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions in a globally changing world it is crucial to understand the effect of land use on ecosystem processes such as pollination. Floral colouration is known to be central in plant-pollinator interactions. To date, it is still unknown whether land use affects the colouration ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2627-6
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female ornaments are present in many species, and it is more and more accepted that sexual or social selection may lead to their evolution. By contrast, the information conveyed by female ornaments is less well understood. Here, we investigated the links between female ornaments and maternal effects. In birds, an impo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2617-8
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The definition of photosynthetically active radiation (Q) as the visible waveband (λ 400-700 nm) is a core assumption of much of modern plant biology and global models of carbon and water fluxes. On the other hand, much research has focused on potential mutation and damage to leaves caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiatio...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2640-9
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of population dynamics of long-lived species have generally focused on adult survival because population growth should be most sensitive to this parameter. However, actual variations in population size can often be driven by other demographic parameters, such as juvenile survival, when they show high temporal ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2613-z
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interspecific relationships such as mutualism and parasitism are major drivers of biodiversity. Because such interactions often comprise more than two species, ecological studies increasingly focus on complex multispecies systems. However, the spatial heterogeneity of multi-species interactions is often poorly underst...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2615-x
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecologically isolated habitats (e.g., oceanic islands) favor the appearance of small assemblages of pollinators, generally characterized by highly contrasted life modes (e.g., birds, lizards), and opportunistic nectar-feeding behavior. Different life modes should promote a low functional equivalence among pollinators,...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2606-y
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human disturbances to ecosystems have created challenges to populations worldwide, forcing them to respond phenotypically in ways that increase their fitness under current conditions. One approach to examining population responses to disturbance in species with complex life histories is to study species that exhibit s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2564-9
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wildfire severity in forests is projected to increase with warming and drying conditions associated with climate change. Our objective was to determine the impact of wildfire and clearcutting severity on the ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) community of Douglas-fir seedlings in the dry forests of interior British Columbia...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2562-y
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endozoochory plays a prominent role for the dispersal of seed plants, and dispersal vectors are well known. However, for taxa such as ferns and bryophytes, endozoochory has only been suggested anecdotally but never tested in controlled experiments. We fed fertile leaflets of three ferns and capsules of four bryophyte ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2536-0
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00